Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Sequalae of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Military Personnel - A Case Series

Abstract

Post traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuropsychiatric sequelae can be as or even more devastating than the physical deficits. It does not only interfere with day-to-day function, but may hinder rehabilitation efforts and general outcome of the patient. Despite that, neuropsychiatric and cognitive sequalae often left unattended. This case series documents 4 military personnel, referred to psychiatric clinic HAT Tuanku Mizan in Kuala Lumpur for declination of performance following motorvehicle accident (MVA) with polytrauma. All sustained severe traumatic brain injury with physical deficit. They return to work within 6-12 months. Despite evidences of neuropsychiatric symptoms early in the presentation, the detail assessment were not carried out. They were only referred much later for neuropsychiatric evaluation (1.6 – 6 years). Only case 4 was refer earlier (1 year and 7 months) as he manifested persistent psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychiatric assessment demonstrated that all 4 cases were suffering from neuropsychiatric and cognitive sequalae of TBI. Three out 4 cases were discharged from the service. Clinicians should be aware of the complexities of TBI and possibilities of neuropsychiatric and cognitive sequalae following head injury in order to deliver effective and early intervention for better outcome.